10 the largest earthquake in history. An earthquake is a vibration or shock that occurs in the earth's surface. Ordinary earthquakes are caused by movement of the earth's crust (tectonic plates).
Earthquakes because of the release of energy generated by the pressure carried by the moving plate. The longer the pressure was becoming enlarged and eventually reached the state where the pressure can not be detained again by the edge of the slab. That's when an earthquake will occur.
Earthquakes can cause tsunami. In Indonesia alone were afflicted by the earthquake and tsunami in December 2004 in NAD or more in the know with the Tsunami Aceh. In addition, in other countries also had an earthquake and resulting tsunami even, like Tsunami Japanese and others.
From 1900 through 2012, at least 10 earthquakes recorded in the world that claimed thousands of lives. And the following is a list of the 10 strongest earthquakes ever recorded since 1900 until now.
1. Earthquake in Aceh, 11 April 2012 - 8.7 magnitude earthquake strike Aceh, 495.6 km from southwest of Banda Aceh. Tremors felt as far as Singapore, Thailand, and India.
2. Japan Tsunami, March 11, 2011 - Japan, the Japanese attacked the magnitude 9 earthquake, causing many casualties. U.S.
Geological Survey to verify the earthquake is located at a depth of
24.3 km and its center at 130.3 km east of Sendai, on the island of
Honshu.
This is the strongest earthquake ever recorded in Japan. The tsunami was triggered after the worst nuclear crisis in 25 years. More than 15 thousand people were killed by a combination of earthquake and tsunami.
Philippines, Taiwan, and Indonesia issued a tsunami warning. Tsunami warnings from the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center reaches Colombia and Peru.
3. Tsunami
Chile, February 27, 2010 - Chile, the 8.8 magnitude earthquake and
tsunami killed 500 people and caused $ 30 billion in damage, destroying
hundreds of thousands of houses and destroyed roads, highways and
bridges.
4. Nias earthquake, March 28, 2005 - 8.6 magnitude earthquake in Nias, Sumatra kills 1300 people.
5. Tsunami
Aceh, 26 December 2004 - Indonesia, earthquake magnitude 9.1 strike the
coast of Aceh province in Indonesia, causing a tsunami that killed 226
thousand people in Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Thailand, India, and nine
other countries.
6. May
22, 1960 - Chile, magnitude 9.5 on the Richter Scale shook Santiago and
Concepcion, causing sea waves and volcanic explosions. Around 5000 people were killed and 2 million people homeless.
7. Alaska, March 28, 1964, earthquake and tsunami that followed killed 125 people and caused $ 310 million loss. This magnitude 9.2 earthquake scale attack western Alaska and the Yukon Territory and British Columbia in Canada.
8. Rusia, 4 November 1952, the earthquake caused a tsunami that SR 9 reaches the Hawaiian Islands. There were no casualties in this earthquake.
9. Ecuador, January
31, 1906, the 8.8 magnitude earthquake strike the coast of
Ecuador and Colombia, causing a tsunami that killed 1,000 people. Feel the vibrations along the coast of Central America and even to San Francisco and west of Japan.
10. Alaska, February 4, 1965, 8.7 magnitude earthquake generates a tsunami that reached 10.7 meters high on Shemya Island.
Google Earth KML
(requires Google Earth)
|
Location |
Date UTC |
Magnitude |
Lat. |
Long. |
Reference |
1. |
Chile |
1960 05 22 |
9.5 |
-38.29 |
-73.05 |
Kanamori, 1977 |
2. |
Prince William Sound, Alaska |
1964 03 28 |
9.2 |
61.02 |
-147.65 |
Kanamori, 1977 |
3. |
Off the West Coast of Northern Sumatra |
2004 12 26 |
9.1 |
3.30 |
95.78 |
Park et al., 2005 |
4. |
Near the East Coast of Honshu, Japan |
2011 03 11 |
9.0 |
38.322 |
142.369 |
PDE |
5. |
Kamchatka |
1952 11 04 |
9.0 |
52.76 |
160.06 |
Kanamori, 1977 |
6. |
Offshore Maule, Chile |
2010 02 27 |
8.8 |
-35.846 |
-72.719 |
PDE |
7. |
Off the Coast of Ecuador |
1906 01 31 |
8.8 |
1.0 |
-81.5 |
Kanamori, 1977 |
8. |
Rat Islands, Alaska |
1965 02 04 |
8.7 |
51.21 |
178.50 |
Kanamori, 1977 |
9. |
Northern Sumatra, Indonesia |
2005 03 28 |
8.6 |
2.08 |
97.01 |
PDE |
10. |
Assam - Tibet |
1950 08 15 |
8.6 |
28.5 |
96.5 |
Kanamori, 1977 |
11. |
Off the west coast of northern Sumatra |
2012 04 11 |
8.6 |
2.311 |
93.063 |
PDE |
12. |
Andreanof Islands, Alaska |
1957 03 09 |
8.6 |
51.56 |
-175.39 |
Johnson et al., 1994 |
13. |
Southern Sumatra, Indonesia |
2007 09 12 |
8.5 |
-4.438 |
101.367 |
PDE |
14. |
Banda Sea, Indonesia |
1938 02 01 |
8.5 |
-5.05 |
131.62 |
Okal and Reymond, 2003 |
15. |
Kamchatka |
1923 02 03 |
8.5 |
54.0 |
161.0 |
Kanamori, 1988 |
16. |
Chile-Argentina Border |
1922 11 11 |
8.5 |
-28.55 |
-70.50 |
Kanamori, 1977 |
17. |
Kuril Islands |
1963 10 13 |
8.5 |
44.9 |
149.6 |
Kanamori, 1977 |
References
Johnson, J.M., Y. Tanioka, L.J. Ruff, K. Sataki, H. Kanamori, and
L.R. Sykes, 1994, The 1957 great Aleutian earthquake, Pure and Appl. Geophys., 142, 3-28.
Kanamori, H., 1977, The energy release of great earthquakes, J. Geophys. Res. 82, 2981-2987.
Kanamori, H., 1988, Importance of historical seismograms for geophysical research,
in Lee, W.H.K., Meyers, H., and Shimazaki, K., eds., Historical Seismograms and Earthquakes
of the World: San Diego, Academic Press, p. 16-33.
Okal, E.A., and D. Reymond, The mechanism of great Banda Sea earthquake of 01 February 1983,
2003, Applying the method of Preliminary Determination of Focal Mechanism to a
historical event, Earth Planet. Sci. Letts., 216, 1-15.
Park, J., T.-R. A. Song, J. Tromp, E. Okal, S. Stein, G. Roult, E. Clevede,
G. Laske, H. Kanamori, P. Davis, J. Berger, C. Braitenberg, M. Van Camp, X. Lei,
H. Sun, H. Xu, S. Rossat, 2005, Earth's free oscillations excited by the 26
December 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake, Science, 308, 1139-1144.
PDE (Preliminary Determination of Earthquakes) Monthly Listing, U.S. Geological Suvery, Golden, CO.