10 The Largest Earthquake in History

     10 the largest earthquake in history. An earthquake is a vibration or shock that occurs in the earth's surface. Ordinary earthquakes are caused by movement of the earth's crust (tectonic plates).

Earthquakes because of the release of energy generated by the pressure carried by the moving plate. The longer the pressure was becoming enlarged and eventually reached the state where the pressure can not be detained again by the edge of the slab. That's when an earthquake will occur.

Earthquakes can cause tsunami. In Indonesia alone were afflicted by the earthquake and tsunami in December 2004 in NAD or more in the know with the Tsunami Aceh. In addition, in other countries also had an earthquake and resulting tsunami even, like Tsunami Japanese and others.

 From 1900 through 2012, at least 10 earthquakes recorded in the world that claimed thousands of lives. And the following is a list of the 10 strongest earthquakes ever recorded since 1900 until now.

1. Earthquake in Aceh, 11 April 2012 - 8.7 magnitude earthquake strike Aceh, 495.6 km from southwest of Banda Aceh. Tremors felt as far as Singapore, Thailand, and India.

 

2. Japan Tsunami, March 11, 2011 - Japan, the Japanese attacked the magnitude 9 earthquake, causing many casualties. U.S. Geological Survey to verify the earthquake is located at a depth of 24.3 km and its center at 130.3 km east of Sendai, on the island of Honshu.
This is the strongest earthquake ever recorded in Japan. The tsunami was triggered after the worst nuclear crisis in 25 years. More than 15 thousand people were killed by a combination of earthquake and tsunami.
Philippines, Taiwan, and Indonesia issued a tsunami warning. Tsunami warnings from the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center reaches Colombia and Peru.

 

3. Tsunami Chile, February 27, 2010 - Chile, the 8.8 magnitude earthquake and tsunami killed 500 people and caused $ 30 billion in damage, destroying hundreds of thousands of houses and destroyed roads, highways and bridges.

 

4. Nias earthquake, March 28, 2005 - 8.6 magnitude earthquake in Nias, Sumatra kills 1300 people.

 

5. Tsunami Aceh, 26 December 2004 - Indonesia, earthquake magnitude 9.1 strike the coast of Aceh province in Indonesia, causing a tsunami that killed 226 thousand people in Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Thailand, India, and nine other countries.

 

6. May 22, 1960 - Chile, magnitude 9.5 on the Richter Scale shook Santiago and Concepcion, causing sea waves and volcanic explosions. Around 5000 people were killed and 2 million people homeless.

 

7. Alaska, March 28, 1964, earthquake and tsunami that followed killed 125 people and caused $ 310 million loss. This magnitude 9.2 earthquake scale attack western Alaska and the Yukon Territory and British Columbia in Canada.

 

8. Rusia, 4 November 1952, the earthquake caused a tsunami that SR 9 reaches the Hawaiian Islands. There were no casualties in this earthquake.

 

9. Ecuador, January 31, 1906, the 8.8 magnitude earthquake strike the coast of Ecuador and Colombia, causing a tsunami that killed 1,000 people. Feel the vibrations along the coast of Central America and even to San Francisco and west of Japan.

10. Alaska, February 4, 1965, 8.7 magnitude earthquake generates a tsunami that reached 10.7 meters high on Shemya Island.

 

 

Google Earth KML
(requires Google Earth)

	Location	Date UTC	Magnitude	Lat.	Long.	Reference
1.	Chile	1960 05 22	9.5	-38.29	-73.05	Kanamori, 1977
2.	Prince William Sound, Alaska	1964 03 28	9.2	61.02	-147.65	Kanamori, 1977
3.	Off the West Coast of Northern Sumatra	2004 12 26	9.1	3.30	95.78	Park et al., 2005
4.	Near the East Coast of Honshu, Japan	2011 03 11	9.0	38.322	142.369	PDE
5.	Kamchatka	1952 11 04	9.0	52.76	160.06	Kanamori, 1977
6.	Offshore Maule, Chile	2010 02 27	8.8	-35.846	-72.719	PDE
7.	Off the Coast of Ecuador	1906 01 31	8.8	1.0	-81.5	Kanamori, 1977
8.	Rat Islands, Alaska	1965 02 04	8.7	51.21	178.50	Kanamori, 1977
9.	Northern Sumatra, Indonesia	2005 03 28	8.6	2.08	97.01	PDE
10.	Assam - Tibet	1950 08 15	8.6	28.5	96.5	Kanamori, 1977
11.	Off the west coast of northern Sumatra	2012 04 11	8.6	2.311	93.063	PDE
12.	Andreanof Islands, Alaska	1957 03 09	8.6	51.56	-175.39	Johnson et al., 1994
13.	Southern Sumatra, Indonesia	2007 09 12	8.5	-4.438	101.367	PDE
14.	Banda Sea, Indonesia	1938 02 01	8.5	-5.05	131.62	Okal and Reymond, 2003
15.	Kamchatka	1923 02 03	8.5	54.0	161.0	Kanamori, 1988
16.	Chile-Argentina Border	1922 11 11	8.5	-28.55	-70.50	Kanamori, 1977
17.	Kuril Islands	1963 10 13	8.5	44.9	149.6	Kanamori, 1977

 

 

References
Johnson, J.M., Y. Tanioka, L.J. Ruff, K. Sataki, H. Kanamori, and L.R. Sykes, 1994, The 1957 great Aleutian earthquake, Pure and Appl. Geophys., 142, 3-28.
Kanamori, H., 1977, The energy release of great earthquakes, J. Geophys. Res. 82, 2981-2987.
Kanamori, H., 1988, Importance of historical seismograms for geophysical research, in Lee, W.H.K., Meyers, H., and Shimazaki, K., eds., Historical Seismograms and Earthquakes of the World: San Diego, Academic Press, p. 16-33.
Okal, E.A., and D. Reymond, The mechanism of great Banda Sea earthquake of 01 February 1983, 2003, Applying the method of Preliminary Determination of Focal Mechanism to a historical event, Earth Planet. Sci. Letts., 216, 1-15.
Park, J., T.-R. A. Song, J. Tromp, E. Okal, S. Stein, G. Roult, E. Clevede, G. Laske, H. Kanamori, P. Davis, J. Berger, C. Braitenberg, M. Van Camp, X. Lei, H. Sun, H. Xu, S. Rossat, 2005, Earth's free oscillations excited by the 26 December 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake, Science, 308, 1139-1144.
PDE (Preliminary Determination of Earthquakes) Monthly Listing, U.S. Geological Suvery, Golden, CO.

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ViewSonic VP950b best seller monitor

The ViewSonic VP950B is a mid-priced 19in. LCD monitor with an unremarkable 1,280-by-1,024-pixel native resolution. However, it has a notably wide colour gamut, delivering 98 per cent of the NTSC colour pallette for richer and more natural colours (by comparison, most CRT and LCD monitors on the market today display around 75 per cent of the NTSC pallette). This makes the VP950b well suited to professional arenas where colour fidelity is important, such as medical imaging, graphics and film production, and City trading floors.

The VP950b also offers a fast 5ms (off/on/off) pixel response time, which makes it ideal for anyone working with fast-moving scenes. Features likely to be more widely appreciated include a 800:1 contrast ratio, 280cd/m2 brightness, excellent adjustability (height, tilt, 120-degree swivel and landscape/portrait pivot) and a quick-release stand.

Certified for Windows Vista and HDCP compatible, the VP950b accommodates four upstream USB ports and one downstream port, plus D-Sub and DVI-D connectors. The only significant downsides are the VP950b's native resolution of just 1,280 by 1,024 pixels, which seems on the low side for today's market.

The VP950b isn't the most attractive monitor available, but its slim bezel and minimalist design should appeal to the more practical and sober of businesses. The grooved design of the top part of the stand is a nice touch, as is the thin grey line around the bottom of the stand. Although basic, the cable tidy at the rear of the monitor comes in handy, too. Generally, it's clear that ViewSonic has a good understanding of what's required in the business market.

Managing the VP950b is relatively straightforward using the 5-button on-screen display (OSD), although its sheer range of controls may confuse all but the most advanced users. For example, there's the usual brightness, contrast and input select (analogue, digital) options, but you can delve deeper and adjust colour levels (sRGB, 9300K, 7500K, 6500K-default, 5000K, user colour-RGB), manually adjust the image (horizontal size/position, vertical position, fine tune, sharpness) and view display information (resolution, horizontal/vertical frequency, pixel clock, model number, serial number). If you're really into personalising your monitor, you'll be pleased to know you can change the setup menu (language, resolution notice, OSD position, OSD timeout, OSD background, OSD pivot).

Taking manual control one step further, ViewSonic's PerfectSuite Plus software features colour calibration, asset management, theft deterrence tools and auto screen rotation. PerfectSuite Plus allows monitor adjustment and colour tuning using the Display Data Channel Command Interface (DDC/CI) protocol. All adjustments to the display are controlled via software, eliminating the need to use the monitor's OSD. It runs in the background and can be accessed through the task tray, the start menu or by right-clicking on the desktop.

PerfectSuite Plus helps you obtain the best picture quality. The display settings for each user can be saved, providing an easy way to select display characteristics in a multi-user environment, or allowing a single user to have multiple defined presets based on content and ambient lighting. There are two modes of operation: Wizard and OSD mode. Wizard mode is the most intuitive and involves a step-by-step process to calibrate the monitor that takes about 15 minutes to complete. OSD mode allows you to make changes to any single monitor setting without the need to go through a predefined sequence. This is less accurate than Wizard mode, but provides quick and easy access to any monitor adjustment.

The suite lets you configure the VP950b's brightness, contrast, pitch and phase, sharpness, image position, resolution, white balance, colour temperature, hue and saturation, as well as colour calibration. PerfectSuite Plus is also used to rotate the screen from landscape to portrait mode — which is great for reading long documents or web pages.

ViewSonic's VP950b is more likely to win over your head than your heart, but it performs very well and comes with a raft of configuration options. In our tests it delivered crystal-clear images and great colour reproduction, with no bleeding or streaking of colours. The brightness levels were good but not overwhelming, while contrast was better than average. Once you've spent a little time calibrating the colours using the bundled PerfectSuite Plus software, this monitor will deliver exceptional image quality that should satisfy demanding graphics professionals. All that's left to consider is whether a 19in. display with a native resolution of 1,280 by 1,024 pixels is adequate for your needs.

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THEORY OF DESIGN

 THEORY OF DESIGN 

1. Color and Psychological
 

This post reminds me of the magic attraction Romi Rafael. Sometimes, in addition to hypnosis, hypnotic attraction Romi often demonstrate in other ways, namely by influencing the subconscious mind through the words of the victim without even making the victim was asleep. Do you believe that the repetition of words can affect the behavior of what someone will do it later?? yaa .. if you ask me, the answer is 'Yes!' I believe!
So it is with the influence of color on marketing strategy and marketing. The researchers believe there abroad, big enough that color plays in influencing one's decision to buy a product. Have you seen how the color given to the design of children's food packaging that looks festive with a blend of bright colors like yellow and orange? or .. why also situs2 adults (17 +) are dominated by the color red? (Eits.. My clay ads, not visiting the site you know ..: D) or more .. why the logo is also dominated by red speedy? ever change the color of the logo speedy experimenting with other colors? and how it seems?
Hmm .. impossible if the above facts is a coincidence. There is a concept of color who try to be embedded in the product-2, A color concept by professional graphic designers as the psychology of color. That means, every style and color image representing distinctive properties that give the impression of a product, and if potential customers see it .. it will be affected by the impression it and buy it.
Here are some impressions, and the nature of certain emotions that can emitted from a color (from various sources): 

Red - excitement, power, sex, passion, speed, danger.
Blue - trust, reliability, power, togetherness, coolness.
Yellow - warmth, sunshine, joy, happiness
Orange - a young, warm, vibrant,
Green - nature, fresh, chilled, growth, development, abundant, Natural
Purple - royal, spirituality, dignity, self-esteem
Pink - soft, sweet, maintenance, safety
White - pure, virgin, clean, young, mild.
Black - sophistication, elegance, seductive, mystery
Gold - prestige, expensive, rich
Silver - prestige, cold, scientific

Indeed no one who ensures that someone will buy a product just because it saw the color of the product packaging. But at least, capable of displaying color impression of a certain emotion that will affect the prospects for a decision. So, for graphic designers, it's time to pay attention to any color you put on your design.

2. Unity

Unity is very important in graphic design. In terms of branding, it is stated that the union is able to shape and build character, make a difference, and giving rise to a strong memory about a product. Small example, just look at branding-branding large corporations in Indonesia. They always use only a few colors to the color of your brand and make a continuous repetition of the various elements associated companies, such as business cards, brochures, baligo, employee uniforms and hats, to the color of the building.

By definition, unity means:
"continuity between some elements that appear together and in harmony in a design"

Unity of plot design also makes it easier to understand so as to achieve the expected target of a design. Example, a brochure that promotes all things of nature, beauty and peace, it would be appropriate if it is formatted neatly in a union with the elements of a greenish color. We can build color using monochromatic colors with green base color (see article on important matters related to the color and color psychology). Even when the brochure is designed well, before reading anything, visual readers already know what to say in the brochure.

There are three main things to consider when looking to build a unity in the design:

1) Proximity (Proximity)

Proximity of the simplest ways to make a design look together. Enough to bring certain elements to one another to define it as a group, and gave a short distance with the other elements outside of the group

Here's an example proximity (Proximity) in philcoffman site design:

Site design above is a good example in terms of proximity to create unity. See, the elements of the site is neatly divided between one another. The closeness between the text with thumbnail images and a short distance with the other elements of the menu to create a separate unit on each element. Advantage, the visitors will be easier to blog in the navigation of the site, creeping from one page to another as facilitated by a neat groupings in the web design.

2) Repetition (Repetition)

Repetition is another way that can be used to create a unity in design. You can be creative in repeating the various graphical elements such as color, shape, line, texture, and even objects. In the example brochure design of nature above, the repetition of the green color on every page of the brochure will strengthen the unity of the design. Another example, when pressing the link on a site, often we feel has been moved to another site, but we're still at the same site. This is because the design of the site make different design themes on each web page. This led to confusion for visitors and would be detrimental to the true owner of the web itself.

See examples of repetition in the spa brochure design the following:
 

Brochures on having a strong unity through repetition in a variety of graphic elements, such as color (pink), florish elements / floral, and fonts. Another example can be found in a magazine layout design. Typically, the design on the same theme will have a strong feel of repetition of colors, textures, fonts and shapes. This makes the reader more easily recognize, whether it is a continuation of the previous page, or have moved to a page with different themes.

3) Continuation (Continuation)


Continuation will be formed when an element guiding your eye to another part leads in the design. In addition to creating unity, it also makes the design more regularly, creating continuity and visual guides the reader in following the path you want to 'tell' in the design.

see examples in the continuation of the logo design below:

Pieces form of the letter H in the form of a direction pointing to the image of leaves. By default, the eye will be guided to look towards the leaves. Tips such as would make the elements of a design appears to be an integral part of the design.

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